SYNTAX

I WILL EXPLANATION ABOUT SYNTAX

Syntax

Syntax is the grammar, structure, or order of the elements in a language statement. (Semantics is the meaning of these elements.) Syntax applies to computer languages as well as to natural languages. Usually, we think of syntax as "word order." However, syntax is also achieved in some languages such as Latin by inflectional case endings. In computer languages, syntax can be extremely rigid as in the case of most assembler languages or less rigid in languages that make use of "keyword" parameters that can be stated in any order.

C.W. Morris in his Foundations of the Theory of Signs (1938) organizes semiotics, the study of signs, into three areas: syntax (the study of the interrelation of the signs); semantics (the study of the relation between the signs and the objects to which they apply); and pragmatics (the relationship between the sign system and the user). 

Syntax is also known as the study of the rules that must be followed to create well-formed phrases, clauses and sentences.

Correct and Incorrect Syntax 

• Incorrect - While watching a movie, people who text on their phone are very annoying.
• Correct - People who text on their phone while watching a movie are very annoying.

The phrase "while watching a movie" modifies the noun phrase "People who text on their phone" by explaining when they text. The modifier should follow the noun phrase of the sentence.

• Incorrect - Happy about her upcoming promotion, the trip home was full of singing.
• Correct - Happy about her upcoming promotion, Sammie sang all the way home.

The phrase "Sammie sang all the way home" is more descriptive than "the trip home was full of singing.

• Incorrect - Come for a visit I have plenty of food.
• Correct - Come for a visit! I have plenty of food.

Breaking the words into two sentences allows for an exclamation mark which increases the impact of "Come for a visit!"

• Incorrect - Before we go to the movies.
• Correct - I need to rest before we go to the movies.

"Before we go to the movies" is a sentence fragment. Adding "I need to rest" makes the words a complete sentence.

• Incorrect - I gave him money I stole from the store.
• Correct - I gave him the money I stole from the store.

Adding the word "the" further explains which money was given.

• Incorrect - To the movies we are going.
• Correct - We are going to the movies.

Reversing the order of the words makes this a more direct sentence.

• Incorrect - You can’t go the movies. Or buy popcorn without any money.
• Correct - You can’t go the movies or buy popcorn without any money.

Expressed as two sentences, it says you cannot go to the movies. It doesn't say why. It also leaves a sentence fragment of "Or buy popcorn without any money. By combining the two sentences it makes it clear that the money is needed for both the movies AND the popcorn.

• Incorrect - Did you ever speak to him? Yes, I was speaking to him yesterday.
• Correct - Did you ever speak to him? Yes, I spoke to him yesterday.

Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - Having learned Italian in a few months, the vacation to Italy was a success.
• Correct - Having learned Italian in a few months, John was successful during his vacation to Italy.

By adding "John was successful during his" it becomes clear that John was the success, not the vacation.

• Incorrect - Her mother made her to call and thank him for the present.
• Correct - Her mother made her call and thank him for the present.

The "to" is not necessary.

• Incorrect - If I took the bus, I will get there in 20 minutes.
• Correct - If I took the bus, I would get there in 20 minutes.

Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - We are not allowed smoking in the restaurant.
• Correct - We are not allowed to smoke in the restaurant.

Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - I’m getting the car right now. I can be there in no time.
• Correct - I’m getting the car right now. I should be there in no time.

"Can" means I am able. "Should" is projecting that I am able.

• Incorrect - Gary lives on the Elm Street.
• Correct - Gary lives on Elm Street.

The "the" is not necessary.

• Incorrect - This house is dusty filthy and stinky.
• Correct - This house is dusty, filthy and stinky.

A comma is necessary in a list of adjectives in order to set them apart from each other.

• Incorrect - She is not interested to buy jewelry.
• Correct - She is not interested in buying jewelry.

Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - Looking over Charlie’s exam, several mistakes became evident immediately. 
• Correct- Looking over Charlie’s exam, the teacher noticed several mistakes.

The correction adds a subject to the sentence.

• Incorrect - Have you went to the library lately?
• Correct - Have you been to the library lately?

The verb was corrected.

• Incorrect - We had lived at this address for ten years.
• Correct - We have been living at this address for ten years.

Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - The musical piece the choir sung was lovely.
• Correct - The musical piece the choir sang was lovely.

references

 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/syntax

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/syntax-examples.html