assalamualaikum everybody, now i am going to explain about lexicology...check this out :)
Lexicology is a part of linguistics.
Lexicology is a part of linguistics.
- It studies words, their nature and meaning, words` elements, relation between words, word-groups and the whole lexicon.
- The term first appeared in the 1820s and it composed of two Greek morphemes, “lexis”
- which means “word, phrase” and “logos”
- which denotes “learning a department of knowledge”. Thus, the literal meaning of the term “lexicology” is the science of the word.
Lexicology
studies word formation, semasiology, etymological characteristics of words, phraseological units, lexicography
and so on.
- The term “vocabulary” is used to denote the system of words and word-groups that the language possesses.
- The term “word” denotes the main lexical unit of a language resulting from the association of a group of sounds with a meaning.
- The term ‘word group” denotes a group of words which exists in the language as a ready-made unit, has the unity of meaning, the unity of syntactical function.
Special,
Historical, and Descriptive Lexicology
The evolution of any vocabulary, as well as of its single elements, forms the object of Historical Lexicology. This branch of linguistics deals with the origin of various words, their change and development, and investigates the linguistic and extra-linguistic forces modifying their structure, meaning and usage.
Descriptive Lexicology deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development. It studies the functions of words and their specific structure as a characteristic inherent in the system.
Lexicology has close ties with other branches of linguistics as they also take into account words in one way or another approaching them from different angles.
Typical word-class suffixes
A suffix can often, but not always, tell us if a word is a noun,
verb, adjective or adverb:
nouns
|
verbs
|
adjectives
|
adverbs
|
station
government
cruelty
|
soften
identify
industrialise
|
drinkable
Japanese
useless
|
carefully
easily
sadly
|
A good learner’s dictionary will tell you what class or classes a
word belongs to.
Word classes
The other word classes include prepositions, pronouns, determiners,
conjunctions and interjections.
Prepositions
Prepositions describe the relationship between words from the major
word classes. They include words such as at, in, on, across, behind, for:
We went to the top of the mountain. (to
describes the relationship between went and top; of
describes the relationship between top and mountain)
Are you ready for lunch yet? (for describes the
relationship between ready and lunch)
Pronouns
Pronouns are words which substitute for noun phrases, so that we do
not need to say the whole noun phrase or repeat it unnecessarily. Pronouns
include words such as you, it, we, mine, ours, theirs, someone, anyone, one,
this, those:
That’s Gerry in the photo. He lives in
Barcelona.
This jacket’s mine. That must be Linda’s.
Determiners
Determiners come before nouns. They show what type of reference the
noun is making. They include words such as a/an, the, my, his, some, this,
both:
Have you got a ruler I can borrow?
I need some paper for my printer.
This phone isn’t easy to use.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions show a link between one word, phrase or clause and
another word, phrase or clause. They include and, but, when, if, because:
Joe and Dan are brothers.
It was okay, but I wouldn’t recommend it as a restaurant.
We’ll ring you when we get to London.
Interjections
Interjections are mostly exclamation words (e.g. gosh! wow! oh!),
which show people’s reactions to events and situations:
A: I’m giving up my job.
B: Oh.
Yippee! I don’t have to go to work tomorrow!
Gosh! What an awful smell!
REFERENCES
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