semantics

I.                   INTRODUCTION

 Linguistics is a scientific study of language. Linguistics encompasses a number of subfields. An important topical division is between the study of language structure (grammar) and the study of meaning (semantics and  pragmatics). Grammar encompasses morphology (the formation and composition of  words), syntax (the rules that determine how words combine into  phrases andsentences) and  phonology (the study of sound systems and abstract sound units). Semantics is also a component of linguistics of the samekind as grammar. It encompasses the meaning of words, sentences, and utterances; pragmatics studies the way in which context contributes to meaning of the speaker. In this paper, we will discuss about basic ideas of semantics such as sentence, utterance, and proposition. We are studying what is known as semantics: how words have individual meaning, and can be used to refer to entities in the external world (reference).

II.                BASIC IDEAS IN SEMANTICS

    ABOUT SEMANTICS

      The word "semantics" itself denotes a range of ideas, from the popular to the highly technical. It is often used inordinary language to denote a problem of understanding that comes down to word selection or connotation. This problem of understanding has been the subject of many formal inquiries, over a long period of time, most notably in the field of  formal semantics. In linguistics, it is the study of interpretation of signs or symbols as used by agents or  communities within particular circumstances and contexts. Within this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, have semantic (meaningful) content, and each has several branches of study. In written language, such things as paragraph, structure and punctuation have semantic content; in other forms of language, there is other semantic content. The formal study of semantics intersects with many other fields of inquiry,including lexicon, syntax, pragmatics, etymology and others, although semantics is a well- defined field in its own right,often with synthetic properties. In philosophy of language, semantics and reference are related fields. Further related fields include  philology, communication,and semiotics. The formal study of semantics is therefore complex. Semantics is sometimes contrasted with syntax, the study of the symbols of a language (without reference to their meaning), and  pragmatics, the study of the relationships between the symbols of a language, their meaning, and the users of the language. In linguistics, semantics is the subfield dealing with the study of meaning, as inherent at the levels of words, phrases, sentences, and larger units of  discourse (referred to as texts). The basic area of study is the meaning of  signs, and the study of relations between different linguistic units: homonymy, synonymy, antonymy,  polysemy,  paronyms, hypernymy, and hyponymy. A key concern is how meaning attaches to larger chunks of text, possibly as a result of the composition from smaller units of meaning. Traditionally, semantics has included the study of sense and denotative reference, truth conditions, argument structure, thematic roles, discourse analysis,and the linkage of all of these to syntax.

https://www.academia.edu/5170253/BASIC_IDEAS_SEMANTICS_UTTERANCE_PROPOSITION

Part 1 about Subjek Verb Agreement .

Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject verb agreement merupakan penyesuaian antara subject dan juga kata kerja atau verb dalam kalimat bahasa inggris.

Subject verb agreement dapat dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu singular verb dan juga plural verb dalam kalimat bahasa inggris.

SINGULAR VERB

Singular verb dibentuk dari kata dasar (verb dasar) dan  ditambah dengan akhiran s. Hal tersebut berlaku pada orag ketiga tunggal dalam bahasa inggris.

Contoh :

• my mom comes to my dormitory today (ibuku datang ke tempat kos ku hari ini)
• my father brings me a present (ayahku membawakan ku sebuah hadiah)
• she buys me a chocolate (dia membelikan aku sebuah coklat)

PLURAL VERB

·         Plural verb tak perlu ditambah dengan s pada verb nya, sebaliknya jika pada plural subject nya maka ditambah dengan s. plural subject.

PERMASALAHAN PADA SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

·         Subject-verb agreement akan menjadi sangat membingungkan apabila dihadapkan pada bentuk collective noun, compound subject da juga indefinite pronoun.

Contoh :

• The class is doing the task (para aggota kelas sedang mengerjakan tes bersama-sama)
• The class are doing the task (para anggota kelas sedang mengerjakan tugas masing-masing )

Contoh Subject-Verb Agreement Dalam Bahasa Inggris

• he is active student (dia adalah murid yang aktf)
• she is beautiful woman (dia adalah wanita yang cantik)
• she is working dilligently (dia bekerja dengan rajin)
• he is my boyfriend (dia adalah pacarku)
• I always come on time (aku selalu datang tepat waktu)
    
  http://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-jenis-contoh-subject-verb-agreement-dalam-bahasa-inggris-serta-permasalahanya/
  
  

Nah, di sini saya akan menjelaskan apa itu Discussion And Report text

semoga readers mengertii yaaaa.

Report teks

Masjid Sultan Syarif Hasyim

A mosque that being history of the appearance of the Malay Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom in Riau Province is Masjid Sultan Syarif Hasyim. It founded in 1926 during the reign of Sultan Qasim, the last Sultan in Siak. The mosque named Masjid Syahbuddin by Sultan and it still used until now.

Somehow sultan gave the name of the mosque by using words from two languages ​​at once, which Shah (Persian meaning 'ruler') and ad-din (Arabic for 'religion') - Perhaps the sultan wished to emphasize that the Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura is an Islamic empire. As sultan of siak, he was not only the government authorities but also well into the religious authorities. The intent was the religious leader or commonly known priest.

Siak Sri Indrapura in Riau Province is an area that has a long empire history in Indonesia. According to historical records, the Malay kingdom ends just after the independence proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia. At that time, the last Sultan Siak, Sultan Syarif Kasim II, stated that the kingdom joined the Republic of Indonesia.

Since the beginning, Siak is known as a very religious area. Siak Sri Indrapura word itself literally means the city center for religious people. Malay society rules in the past is closely related to the people who are experts in Islam. Therefore, someone who diligently in religion become Siak people.

With such images, it is proper Siak has icons that can be a landmark area. The existence of Masjid Sultan Syarif Hasyim beautiful and majestic answer those needs. Located in the heart of the city, exactly on the edge of the Siak River and Siak Bridge, the mosque was the center of attention for the people who pass it.

Five large dome which dominated by the color of blue combined with yellow. The dome models used by many mosques in the province of Riau. There is a tower at one corner of the entrance area of ​​the mosque.

The door is quite unique because it is directly connected with the corridor that surrounds the mosque form a rectangular lines and entry into the mosque. In the middle of the hall there is a yard of the mosque, until the book was published, still in the process of structuring.

Entering the main hall of the mosque, it will feel the atmosphere of relief. The roof is so high to the ceiling follows the shape of the main dome left plain. Came from an artistic feel ornament iron structure construction.

The walls of the mosque have many calligraphy paintings adorned with a variety of bright colors. The play of color is seen in contrast with the ceiling of the mosque is dominated by brown color with each transverse line which tend to be minimalist

Mihrab also comes alive with games geometric accents and bright colored calligraphy. Mihrab niche that is not too large filled by the pulpit made of wood carved gold-colored. Rostrum size large enough to make a niche mihrab, it looks very full and tends to be framed pulpit.

In addition, the existence of Siak Sri Indrapura Kingdom as a historical tourist attraction, it is proper if the Masjid Sultan Syarif Hasyim be used as a destination of religious tourism in the religious ground.













Discussion Teks
Sunday, September 6th 2015

“School off due “Smoke”, Happy and Dissapointed felt by citizen in Riau”.

Riau Province has 12 districts and cities. From that amount, more than half of school in districts are close. Here's a story about school off due smoke, which raises pros and cons among citizens thought.
For weeks, the world of education in Riau paralyzed. There are seven districts simultaneously dismiss learning activities because of the smoke. Each district adopted a policy to close schools as alternative.
The provincial administration gives full authority to the respective school.
If the smoke felt worst, school will dismiss, if the smoke thinned schools will open. That situation, which the school became responsible for deciding about the school will off or not.

In Pekanbaru, most schools had a holiday this week. The story of school holidays is also a variety of public comment. There were protests and also happy.
Two of my children in junior and senior high school, since schol off due smoke, they are so happy, and for me I do not need to get up early to deliver them to school," chirps Asnil (45) residents of Pekanbaru, Sunday (09/06/2015).

Different with Mukmin, a student of Junior High School 8 Pekanbaru. He stated, “the school closed since the smoke in this week”. When the news was announced over the loudspeaker that the school will off, all the boys cried Hooray. I think we were all a pleasure closed," said Mukmin

However, it also becomes pros and cons in the community due school off. Some of citizen pro with that reasons because it related to students health, and some of them are cons with the problem. "For me, it will better go to school than stay at home, both of them are same. When school off, the children also play outside," said Amrul Anwar (40), a resident of Pekanbaru.

Likewise there are also people who take advantage of the school off to return village.
"Since the announcement of the school will off, I and my family return to the village to have a vacation. Although there is smoke, but there is better than in Pekanbaru," Add said  Syamsul Siregar (46) other citizens.

 “ KEKUATAN SEORANG WANITA “

            Indah yang memiliki zodiak gemini dengan hobi makan , menonton, mendengarkan musik-musik K-pop dan b.inggris. dia anak bungsu dari 7 bersaudara . hobi olahraga nya dia adalah Voli, Badminton, Berenang, Kasti . dia anak dari Bapak Munawar dan Ibu Raimi . Dia lahir di Medan pada tanggal  1 Juni 1997 .warna kesukaan dia adalah Orange dan Biru. 

Dia  masih mengikuti jenjang perguruan tinggi di Universitas lancang kuning Jurusan Fkip B.inggris . dia di kampus memang agak sedikit cuek di lokal. Tapi dia memahami maksud apa yang di beri pelajaran oleh dosen dan teman nya .

Indah dulu pernah tidak terfikir untuk masuk ke universitas lancang kuning, karena dia kecewa tidak masuk ke universitas yang di sukainya . dia dulu ingin masuk ke Uin dan Unri tapi tidak masuk. Akhirnya dia memilih Universitas Lancang Kuning . 

Ketika itu dia tidak mood untuk belajar , tetapi ketika di semester pertama, seorang dosen yang mengajari dia,  dia terinsipirasi dengan sosok dosen yang bernama Mr. Robby Ibrahim. Bapak sekolah perguruan tinggi S1 di Universitas Lancang Kuning dengan menjadi Asisten Dosen . kemudian S2 di UNP Sumatera Barat dengan Jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Mr  pernah mendapatkan nilai Tertinggi ketika   Wisuda. 

Mr seorang dosen  yang aktif di kampus, Ketika Mr  itu mengajar dia selalu  bermotivasi kan kepada semua orang bahwa, Tanamkan lah niat untuk membaca dan menulis agar kita kaya dengan Ilmu yang mana ilmu itu bisa kita bawa kemana saja kita pergi.

Mr pernah berbicara, jangan lah bermalas-malasan , Bagi waktu untuk belajar . karena semua orang mampu melakukan itu . dia mengatakan lagi banyak berbicara agar bisa melatih Speaking kita , dengan itu kita akan terbiasa dan memperbaiki kesalahan yang sebelumnya. 

Nah , dari situ Indah mulai terinspirasi , karna dia pintar, ada niat untuk semangat membaca dan menulis, dia mulai mengikuti cara belajar Mr secara perlahan-lahan dia bisa membiasakan diri untuk membagi waktu nya . Bagi indah sekarang Kesuksesan itu ada berada di tangan kita sendiri . 

Dia sampai sekarang bekerja keras untuk pergi ke kampus pagi-pagi walaupun setengah jam ke kampus,  bahkan tidak pernah terasa lelah, hujan , badai semua di hadapi demi mencapai harapan seperti Mr Robby yang tak pernah megeluh. Seperti itu lah kehidupan yang di jalani nya oleh Indah.